4种植物精油对金银花贮藏期害虫锯谷盗的生物活性

Bioactivity of Essential oils from 4 Plants on Oryzaephilus surinamensis During Storage Period of Lonicera japonica Thunb.

采用滤纸药膜法和广口瓶熏蒸法,在室内测定了大蒜、生姜、花椒和八角茴香4种植物精油对金银花贮藏期害虫锯谷盗的生物活性。结果表明,4种植物精油对锯谷盗成虫均具有一定的驱避活性和熏蒸活性,平均驱避率分别为70.71%、60.64%、53.78%和66.33%,平均校正死亡率分别为60.47%、51.71%、47.01%和56.28%,差异达显著水平。4种植物精油的不同浓度和不同作用时间对锯谷盗成虫的驱避活性有显著差异,随着植物精油浓度的降低和作用时间的延长,各植物精油的驱避活性逐渐降低,浓度和时间的交互作用对驱避活性无显著影响。4种植物精油的浓度、不同作用时间以及它们的交互作用对锯谷盗成虫的熏蒸活性有显著影响,随着植物精油浓度的降低,熏蒸活性逐渐降低,随着作用时间的延长,熏蒸活性逐渐增强。进一步的毒力分析表明,大蒜精油的毒力最强,12 h的LC50值为6.01μL/L,随时间的延长,各植物精油的熏蒸毒力明显增强。这说明4种植物的精油对金银花贮藏贮藏期害虫锯谷盗具有一定的生物活性,具有开发为新型无公害杀虫剂的潜力。

Bioactivity of essential oils from Allium sativum L,Zingiber officinale Roscoe,Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim and Illicium verum Hook on Oryzaephilus surinamensis was tested in the laboratory by sensitive layer method with filter paper and fumigation method with wild-mouth bottle. The results showed that essential oils from 4 plants had a certain repellent activity and fumigant activity on adults of O. surinamensis. The average repellent rate was 70. 71%,60. 64%,53. 78% and 66. 33%,respectively. The average corrected mortality was 60. 47%,51. 71%,47. 01% and 56. 28%,respectively. The difference between them reached significant level. The repellent activity on O. surinamensis was related positively with dosages and treatment time,it would reduce with the dropping of dosages and the extending of treatment time. But the interaction of dosages and treatment time did not affect the repellent activity,significantly. The fumigant activity was related positively with dosages,treatment time and their interaction,it would reduce with the dropping of dosages,but increase with the extending of treatment time. Further toxicity analysis showed that toxicity of essential oils from A. sativum was the strongest with LC50 value of 6. 01 μL / L after 12 h. The toxicity of essential oils from 4 plants increased significantly with the extending of time. This suggested that essential oils from 4 plants had a certain bioactivity on adults of O. surinamensis,and had the potential to be exploited as new nuisanceless pesticides.