政治禁演与民间风情的悖谬——建国初期“坏戏”艺术趣味重估

On the Artistic Taste of the Banned "Immoral Traditional Chinese Operas" in 1950s

建国初期,"坏戏"遭到禁演。这些"坏戏"大部分都曾经是舞台上的常演剧目,在这些剧目的盛行与被禁之间蕴含着戏曲艺术接受(包括一些低级趣味,如色情、凶杀、暴力等)与国家政治教化的极大鸿沟。而1957年对禁戏的全面解放,是国家在意识形态层面第一次向艺术接受规律妥协,但这种妥协必然是不彻底的,也必然是短暂的。超越政治教化以外太远的艺术,或是完全依附于政治的艺术,都必然是短命的。

In early 1950s, a large number of so-called ＂immoral traditional Chinese operas＂, which were the repertoires before 1949, have been banned. The prosperity and the ban of these operas indicated the huge gap between acceptance of the audiences and the political ideological teaching of the state. In 1957, Chinese government lifted a ban on performing these operas nationwide, which showed that the government came to terms with the rules of the acceptance of arts, but unfortunately, this compromise was temporary and incomplete. Actually, the artistic works, whether it is far beyond the political teaching or totally relied on political doctrines, will only have a short life.