大型崩滑灾害变形三维激光扫描监测技术研究

Research on deformation monitoring of large collapses and landslides based on 3D laser scanning technology

三维激光扫描技术突破了传统单点测量方法采样点有限、覆盖范围小的不足,实现了对观测对象面的测量。受制于扫描速率和扫测距离的限制,该技术目前在地质灾害领域应用有限,因此也成为热点研究课题。本文针对高陡危岩、大型滑坡等复杂地质环境下地质灾害的三维激光扫描技术,系统探讨了地形构建、DEM建模和几何量测等快速调查方法,并提出了点、线、面相结合的灾害地质体形变监测方法;结合应用案例系统比较和分析了三维激光扫描技术在滑坡、崩塌调查监测中的技术优势和局限性,展望了该项技术在地质灾害领域的应用与发展趋势。

As an area surveying,3D laser scanning technology breaks the limitation of the traditional method of single point measurement,which has insufficient sample points and small coverage. Due to the limitation of scanning speed and range,this technology has only a few application in geological disaster and is a hot topic in this research field. This article discusses the fast surveying method of territorial modeling,DEM creating and geodesy based on the 3D laser scanning technology in complex geological disasters such as high steep rocks and large land slides. A new monitoring method on geological change detection is introduced by combining points,lines and planes. This article compares and analyzes the advantage and disadvantage of 3D laser scanning in land slides and collapses by using case study. The application and future development of this technology is discussed for further researches.