人工影响天气“三七”高炮的实践操作及常见故障处理

Practical Operation and Troubleshooting of the 37mm Antiaircraft Gun in Weather Modification Operation

我国的37mm高炮最早是从苏联引进,1955年定型自动生产单管37mm高射机关炮,后经多年的研制改进,定型生产了1965年和1974年式双管高射机关炮。1965年式双管37mm高炮配有人工增雨防雹炮弹,主要用于将炮弹发射到斜距2000-6000m的降雨云层和冰雹中,达到增雨防雹的目的。滨州市人工影响天气作业90%以上是65式37高炮,随着全市人影作业规模的持续发展,人影作业中高炮发射频数高,使用环境恶劣,人员变动频繁,养护水平不及部队,致使高炮技术状况逐年下降,各种高炮故障频出,这将对人影作业的安全和效益产生难以预料的影响。作者依据工作实践,结合各县区高炮使用的经验,将涉及高炮安全使用的部分进行总结,以期降低高炮故障率,避免事故的发生,并延长高炮安全使用年限。

China＇s 37mm antiaircraft gun was firstly imported from the Soviet Union. In 1955, China tried to produce 37mm single- tube antiaircraft gun, and after years of research and improvement, China produced 1965-type and 1974-type double-tube antiaircraft guns. 1965-type 37mm double tube antiaircraft gun had artificial rainfall anti-hail shells which were mainly used to launch the shells into the rain clouds and hail with the slope distance 2000-6000m to add the rain and prevent the hails. 90% of the weather modification operation in Binzhou is 65 type 37mm antiaircraft gun. With the continued development of the weather modification operation scale, the emission frequency of antiaircraft gun is high, its using environment is harsh, changes in personnel are frequent, and the maintenance level is low, so antiaircraft gun technology is declining, a variety of failures of antiaircraft gun are frequent, so that it generates unpredictable effects on safety and efficiency of weather modification operation. On the basis of practice, combined with the experience in the use of antiaircraft gun in each county and area, the safe use of antiaircraft gun is summarized, in order to reduce the failure rate, avoid accidents and extend the useful life of antiaircraft ~un.