理性的“尺度”——论毕达哥拉斯学派的数论哲学

The “Measure” of Rationality—— On Pythagoreans' Arithmology

毕达哥拉斯学派的数论包含自然主义的和形式的两种体系,相应地,数的本质是世界的自然秩序或先天秩序。两种秩序都是毕达哥拉斯派把单位和尺度概念引入朴素的、人类学的数概念,并使算术几何化的结果。

Pythagoreans had proposed two kinds of arithmology, the naturalistic and the formal. Accordingly, the essence of number is the natural order or a priori order of the world, both of which are the results from that Pythagoreans introduced the concept of unit and measure into the naive number-concept of anthropology, and from the geometrized arithmetic.