从文化层面解读加拿大公共档案馆的早期发展模式

本文运用相关史料分析前联邦时期加拿大档案工作的源头,梳理加拿大公共档案馆的两个前身——档案分部与文书分部之间的竞争及合作的历史脉络,重点解析前两任馆长——布里姆纳和道蒂的公共档案馆思想及其实践活动,从历史文化视角阐释加拿大公共档案馆体系早期发展的基本路径、制度缺陷及其内在原因。研究发现,加拿大公共档案馆在提升国家文化认同方面承担过多的文化资源保存责任,两任档案馆馆长的文化与学术研究情结浓厚,再加上当时资源及技术条件的限制,促成了早期加拿大公共档案馆重视文化功能、忽视政府文件管理职能的不平衡发展模式。

This paper firstly investigates the origins of archival traditions prior to Confederation, and describes the history and operation of Archives Branch and Records Branch that compose the institutional roots of the Public Archives of Canada, each embodying a different archival tradition, and then analyzes Douglas Brymner＇s （First Dominion Archivist） and Arthur G. Doughty＇s （Second Dominion Archivist） public archives theory and practice, and explains the basic development pathway and institutional defects of the Public Archives of Canada during its early history from historical ＆ cultural perspectives. According to the document analysis, the author finds that the Public Archives heavily undertook the responsibility of cultural resources preservation for promotion of Canadian cultural identity, two dominion archivists paid much atten- tion to the cultural heritage and academic research, coupled with constraints on resources and technology, which leads to an unbalanced development mode that attached great importance to the cultural function and ignored the function of government records management.