既判力所及之特定继受人研究——以台湾地区的立法和司法实践为素材

Research of Particular Successors Within the Scope of Res Judicata Based on the Legislative and Judicial Practice in Taiwan Province

在特定继受情形下,既判力主观扩张当以既判力基准时点为区别。在基准时点之前的特定继受,当遵循当事人恒定原则,既判力无条件地及于特定继受人,继受人之权利保障可通过第三人撤销诉讼以资救济。在基准时点后,既判力之程序法上的拘束力随诉讼标的之确定即告终结,当事人的实体请求权通过判决加以固定,此时移转标的物的行为当根据前诉请求权不同而定性为债权之相对效力或物权之对世效力,针对不同的情形,受让人所受拘束力也不尽相同,在物权对世效之情形下,受让人可以以善意取得为抗辩。

In particular situations of inheritance, the subjective scope of Res Judicata should be distinguished by the benchmark time. Inheritance before the benchmark should follow the principle of constance of the parties, and Res Judicata extends unconditionally to particular successors, whose right can be guaranteed by the suit of revoking judgment by the third party. When it comes to inheritance after the benchmark, Res Judicata loses the binding force as long as the subject matter of an action is determined, and when the claim right of an entity of the party is fixed by the iudgment. The action to transfer the subject matter should be determined either as the relative effectiveness of creditor＇s rights or the absolute effectiveness of real rights according to the differences between the claim right of former suit. Under different circumstances, successors are limited by varied degree of binding force. On the condition of external effect of property, the successor can acquire the property in good faith as a defense.