劳动力价值再定义与剩余价值论的重构

Redefining the Value of Labor Power and Restructuring the Theory of Surplus Value

马克思的剩余价值论是以一系列假设为前提建立起来的,这些假设虽然在先前的文献中被不同程度地讨论过,但还从未被集中起来作为一个整体来分析。本文批判地考察了剩余价值论的十大假设,并在莱博维奇的基础上,对劳动力价值和工资范畴做了重新定义,这一再定义突出了阶级斗争在货币工资的价值和剩余价值率的决定中具有的意义。此外,本文还从社会总资本再生产的角度,讨论了投资对于剩余价值率的影响,以及所谓不变的剩余价值率对于工人阶级的意义。尽管阶级斗争对于利润和工资的划分是至关重要的,但投资及其所固有的不确定性,也会给作为国民收入余额的工资份额的变化带来重大影响。决定剩余价值率的阶级斗争理论和决定剩余价值率的投资理论具有互补性,建设"工人阶级政治经济学"需要同时兼顾这两者。

Marx＇s theory of surplus value is built upon a series of assumptions,which to some extent has been discussed in the literature but has not been analyzed by considering the assumptions as a whole.This article critically examines the ten assumptions of the theory of surplus value,and redefines the value of labor power and the category of wages on the basis of Lebowitz＇s theory.This redefinition underscores the role of class struggle in the determination of monetary wages and the rate of surplus value.Besides,from a perspective of the reproduction of aggregate social capital,this article discusses the effects of investments on the rate of surplus value and the implications of the socalled constant rate of surplus value to the working class.While class struggle is critical to the devision between wages and profits,investments and the uncertainty internal to it also have a major impact on the wage share of national income.The theory of class struggle and the theory of investments complement each other,both of which determine the rate of surplus value.A ＂political economy of the working class＂needs to take both of the theories into account.