永城煤矿塌陷区水塘污染状况及鲫鱼血液对其的指示研究

Pollution status and indicator effect of Carassius auratus blood in the water of Yongcheng coal mine subsidence area

为了评估永城煤矿塌陷区重金属污染情况,用水生生物指示水污染程度,采用pH计和原子吸收光谱法结合石墨消解法,检测永城煤矿塌陷区土壤和水体样本的pH值和重金属含量,以污染区的鲫鱼(实验组)和天沐湖自然保护区的鲫鱼(对照组)作为样本,观察胁迫条件下鲫鱼血常规和形态的变化.结果表明,煤矿塌陷区土壤和水体都呈弱酸性,符合土壤和地表水环境质量标准.塌陷区土壤和水体中五种重金属Cu,Cd,Pb,Cr和Zn浓度均显著高于对照组(P<0.05).实验组鲫鱼白细胞、淋巴细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞百分率明显高于对照组(P<0.01),而红细胞数、血红蛋白含量、中性粒细胞和嗜碱性细胞百分率均明显减少(P<0.01).实验结果提示,该塌陷区域水体和土壤均有不同程度的重金属污染.鲫鱼的血细胞数目和形态均发生了显著变化.

In order to evaluate the heavy metal pollution and indicate the pollution status using Carassius auratus blood in the water of Yongcheng coal mine subsidence area,pH and the content of heavy metal of soil and water samples have been detected by pen pH meter and atomic absorption spectrometry combined with Graphite digestion system.Carassius auratus samples are collected from Yongcheng subsidence area（experimental group）and Tianmu lake nature reserve（control group）to observe the change of the blood routine examination and morphological when it is under stress condition.The results show that both soil and water pH are faintly acidic and within the soil environment degree of quality standard and surface water quality standard.The contents of Cu,Cd,Pb,Cr and Zn are higher than that of control both in water and soil samples（P〈0.05）.The numbers of white blood cell,lymphocyte and eosinophilic granulocyte percentage of experiment group are higher than that of control group（P 〈0.01）.Nevertheless,the numbers of red blood cell and hemoglobin,neutrophile granulocyte and basicyte percentage are lower than that of control group（P〈 0.01）.The result imply that the water and soil in Yongcheng coal mine subsidence area have been polluted by heavy metals at varying degree.The number and morphological of blood cell have been changed significantly under this stress condition.