农业劳动力结构转变对粮食生产效率的影响

Research on Effect of Agricultural Labor Force Structure Change on Food Production Efficiency in China

随着我国工业化、城镇化发展,劳动力不断由农业部门向非农部门转移,农业劳动力的数量正在逐渐减少,农业劳动力结构也发生了显著变化。基于2003-2012年间的省级面板数据,运用随机前沿方法测算了我国农业劳动力结构转变对粮食生产技术效率的影响。研究结果表明:农业劳动力结构变化对粮食生产技术效率产生了显著的影响。其中,农业劳动力的老龄化、受教育程度提高对粮食生产技术效率产生了正向影响;而农业劳动力女性化并没有降低非粮食主产区的粮食生产技术效率,但对粮食主产区的粮食生产技术效率产生了负面影响。针对农业劳动力的新变化,我国应改革农村土地流转制度,培育各种类型新型农业经营主体,扩大农业经营规模,加快农业机械化,并加强对农村劳动力的人力资本投资,开展对女性农业劳动力的专门培训。

With the development of industrialization and urbanization,China＇s labor force continues to transfer from agricultural sectors to non-agricultural ones,the number of agricultural labor force reduces,and its structure has undergone significant changes.Based on the panel data at the provincial level during 2003-2012,this article estimates the effect of agricultural labor force structure change on the technical efficiency of food production by means of Stochastic Frontier Approach.The results show that the change of agricultural labor force structure significantly affects the technical efficiency of the food production.The aging of agricultural labor force and the increasing education level of agricultural labor force have positive impact on the food production technical efficiency,while the increase of proportion of female agricultural labor force has negative impact on food production technical efficiency in major-grain-producing areas although it doesn＇t reduce the food production technical efficiency in nonmajor-grain production areas.According to the new changes of agricultural labor force,China should reform rural land transfer system,foster new types of agricultural entities,expand agriculture scale,accelerate agricultural mechanization,strengthen human capital investment in the rural labor force,and provide special training for the female agricultural labor force.