阶层分化与农民层级迁移

Effects of Stratification on Migration of Farmers

"乡—城"迁移假定农民由乡村向城市迁移,这一假定遮蔽了实践中农民迁移方向的多元性,阶层分化是基本影响因素。以武陵山区龙马乡为例,田野调查发现公共品供给贫困,农民普遍要求迁移。然而实践中农民迁移路径受制于农户拥有的初始资本和可持续生计来源,不同阶层农民的迁移路径呈现层级性。农民迁移在目的地上表现为从城镇、中间集镇到中心村的地域层级,各迁移路径性质分别是非农化迁移、过渡性迁移和农村内部迁移,这种农民迁移实践可以归纳为"层级迁移"。层级迁移是农民阶层分化背景下的农民迁移基本规律。

＂Rural to urban areas＂migration is assumed to farmers to move from the country to the city,and this assumption has covered the practice of diversity of farmers in the migration directions.Social stratum differentiation is the basic influencing factors.Taking Longma Township in Wuling mountainous area as an example,the field survey found that the public goods supply there is poor and the farmers generally require migration.But in the practice farmer＇s migration path is influenced by their initial capital and source of sustainable livelihood,and different migration paths present as different levels of farmers.The migration destination of farmers has several levels as city,town,middle town and central village,and the characteristics of these migration paths are non-agricultural migration,transitional migration and rural internal transfer,the migration of farmers practice can be summarized as＂level migration＂.Level migration is the basic law of migration under the background of farmers＇ social stratum differentiation.