晚清采煤技术引进的若干问题探究

Coal Mining Technology Import in Late Qing Dynasty(1840-1911)

晚清时期清政府被迫开放国门,西方近代工业传入中国,致使国内用煤量大大增加。为满足该项需求,清政府采用多种方式引进西方先进的采煤技术,例如:编译《开煤要法》等采煤专著;引进西方采煤技师指导建立新式煤矿,同时派遣留学生学习西方采煤知识;创建新式矿务学堂,培养采煤专业人才。伴随这个过程,近代中国不仅逐渐掌握了西方采煤技术,还为煤炭业的发展奠定了基础。

The Qing government was forced to open doors to the outside world in the late Qing Dynasty（1840-1911）and the western modern industry was introduced into China,leading to the great increase in domestic demand for coal.In order to meet the domestic coal demands,the Qing government used various ways to introduce western advanced coal mining technology：compiling coal mining monograph such as ＂ Coal-mining Methods＂ to introduce the western mining methods and mining machines;introducing western mining technicians and getting directions from them in building modern coal mines,and sending students abroad to study modern western mining knowledge;creating modern coal schools to train coal mining professionals.During this period,modern China gradually understood and mastered the western mining technology and laid the foundation for modern coal industry development.