论违法性在环境侵权民事责任构成要件中的地位

On the Status of Illegality in the Constitutive Elements of Environmental Tort Liability

随着经济和科技的不断发展,环境侵权问题日益凸显。不管是在理论上还是实践中,对于环境侵权民事责任构成要件认定的关键在于违法性是否是环境侵权责任的构成要件之一。否定说有违传统的民法理论,环境侵权责任虽然是特殊的侵权责任,但依然是侵权责任,所以,仍需具备侵权责任所应具备的违法性要件。不过,对违法性的认识不应当停留在狭义违法说上,应当重新去理解"违法性",对违法性的内涵进行扩大和延伸。违法性中的"法"不应只包括环境法律及法规,而是只要侵犯了宪法、民法等法律规范中关于保护人的权益的规范原则和精神的就属于违法范畴。确定环境侵权中违法性的判断标准在保护好受害人的权益的同时又不会阻碍社会经济的发展,这样才有助于有效遏制环境问题的日益严峻。

With the development of economy and science and technology,environmental tort issues are becoming increasingly prominent. Both in theory and in practice,scholars dispute over whether illegality should be the constitutive elements of the environmental tort liability. Negative attitude is contrary to the traditional civil law theory. Although environmental tort liability is a special tort liability,it is still tort liability in which illegality is the constitutive element. However,we should understand the＂illegality＂from a new angle,expanding and extending the connotation of illegality. The meaning of illegality refers not only to violation of the environmental laws and regulations,but violation of principles and spirit of protecting man＇s rights and interests in constitutional law,civil law and other legal norms. Setting the standard for illegality of environment tort will protect the victim＇s rights and interests without hindering the development of social economy,and therefore will help effectively curb the increasingly serious environmental problems.