HACCP原理在企业职业病危害控制过程中的应用

Application of HACCP principle on occupational hazard control in enterprises

目的将危害分析和关键控制点（HACCP）原理应用于职业病危害企业中,进行危害分析,提出职业病危害的关键控制点和关键控制措施并加以验证。探讨HACCP应用到企业职业病危害控制中的适用性。方法以某玻璃制品制造企业为研究对象,分析其生产工艺流程,进行职业卫生调查,识别各种职业病危害因素,进行职业病危害因素检测和职业健康检查,提出关键控制点和控制措施并加以验证。结果该玻璃制品制造企业存在的职业病危害因素主要有化学毒物、噪声、高温、粉尘等,其中化学毒物主要包括甲苯、二甲苯、丁酮、乙酸丁酯、乙苯、甲醇、氟化氢、硫酸和盐酸。2013年现场检测切割、倒角岗位8 h等效声级85.7~87.9 d B（A）,超过国家规定的职业接触限值,其他职业病危害因素检测结果均低于职业接触限值。126名接害作业工人在岗职业健康检查发现3名噪声职业禁忌证者,未发现疑似职业病者。2014年职业在健康检查中也未发现职业禁忌证者和疑似职业病者。结论 HACCP可广泛应用于存在职业病危害的企业中,有利于提高企业职业病防治的针对性,建立有效的职业卫生管理体系,保护劳动者健康,具有一定的可操作性和现实意义。

[Objective]To carry out the occupational hazard analysis in enterprises by using the principle of hazard analysis and critical control point（HACCP）, propose and verify the critical control points and key measures of occupational hazards, and explore the applicability of HACCP in occupational hazard control.[Methods] A glass products manufacturing enterprise was chosen as the research object, to analyze the production process, carry out the occupation health survey, identify occupational hazard factors, conduct the occupational hazard factors detection and occupational health examination, and propose and verify the critical control points and key measures of occupational hazards.[Results]The main occupational hazard factors existing in the enterprise were chemical poisons, noise high temperature and dust, while the chemical poisons included toluene, xylene, methyl ethyl ketone, butyl acetate, ethyl benzene, methanol, hydrogen fluoride, sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid. In 2013, 8-hour equivalent sound levels in cutting and chamfering post were between 85.7 d B（A） and 87.9 d B（A）, which exceeded the national occupational exposure limit, and the detection results of other occupational hazard factors were lower than the occupational exposure limits. Among 126 exposed workers who received the in-service occupational health examination, there were 3 cases of occupational contraindication to noise, and no case of suspected occupational disease was found. In 2014, the occupational contraindication and suspected occupational disease was not found in occupational health examination. [Conclusion]HACCP can be widely applied in enterprise existing occupational hazards, and is helpful to improve the targeted prevention and control of occupational diseases, establish effective occupational health management system, and protect workers’ health, which has certain operability and practical significance.