北京市小学4～6年级在校流动儿童卫生习惯现状及其影响因素

Status of health habits and its influencing factors among floating children in grade 4-6 of primary schools in Beijing

目的初步了解北京市小学4~6年级在校流动儿童卫生习惯的现状,分析影响卫生习惯形成的多方面因素;为进一步完善针对北京市小学在校流动儿童卫生习惯养成的健康教育机制提供依据与指导。方法在大量文献查阅的基础上编制自填式问卷;通过分层整群抽样方法在北京市共6所招收流动儿童为主的小学抽取4、5、6年级户籍为流动人口的小学生共516名,由项目组工作人员现场指导学生进行自填式问卷调查。结果共回收514份有效调查问卷,其中59.92%的流动儿童来自公立小学,40.08%来自私立打工子弟小学,其中男生占53.31%,女生占46.69%。多元线性回归统计结果显示,流动儿童卫生习惯得分女性高于男性（P〈0.01）,公立学校高于私立学校（P〈0.01）,抚养人文化程度好的高于抚养人文化程度差的（P〈0.05）,家庭经济情况好的高于家庭经济情况差的（P〈0.01）,卫生习惯知识掌握好的高于卫生习惯知识差的（P〈0.01）。结论流动儿童卫生习惯养成受性别、年龄、学校类型、抚养人文化程度、家庭经济情况和卫生习惯知识影响显著,私立打工子弟学校的低年级男学生应作为重点人群,相应组织开展有针对性的健康教育宣传教育工作。

[Objective] To understand the current situation of health habits among floating children in grade 4-6 of primary schools in Beijing, analyze the factors influencing the formation of health habit, and provide the basis and guidance for further improvement of health education system about health habit formation among floating children in primary schools of Beijing.[Methods]The self-administered questionnaire was formulated on the basis of a large amount of literature. 516 grade 4-6 pupils whose household register was floating population were collected from 6 primary schools in Beijing by using the stratified cluster sampling method. The students received the self-administered questionnaire with the guidance of the trained staff.[Results]There were a total of 514 effective questionnaire. 59.92% of floating children were from public schools and 40.08% were from private schools. Boys and girls accounted for 53.31% and 46.69% respectively. The multiple linear regression revealed that the score of health habits in girls was higher than that in boys（P〈0.01）, and the score of floating children in public schools was higher than that in private schools（P〈0.01）, while the children with high-educated guardians（P〈0.05）, from better economic status families（P〈0.01）, and with better health knowledge（P〈0.01） obtained higher scores.[Conclusion]The health habit formation of floating children is significantly influenced by the gender, age, type of school, educational level of guardians, family economic conditions and health knowledge. The targeted health education and promotion should be carried out among low-grade male students in private migrant schools.