基于β-乳球蛋白配体结合特性的活性成分包埋和保护研究现状

Encapsulation and Protection of Bioactive Components Based on Ligand-binding Property of β-Lactoglobulin

虽然营养活性成分具有调节生理机能的功能,但环境敏感性和低溶解度限制了许多活性成分在功能食品、药品和化妆品开发中的应用。可食用载体体系的设计和研发提供了克服这些限制的可能性。阐明载体物质和活性成分间作用机制,是设计和制备非乳状液型载体体系的关键。食品蛋白由于具有高营养价值和多种功能特性,因此被广泛应用于制备载体体系。β-乳球蛋白是牛乳中主要乳清蛋白,具有多个配体结合位点,可结合脂肪酸、维生素、磷脂、多酚类化合物等多种物质。β-乳球蛋白也可同时结合叶酸、白藜芦醇和维生素E,生成蛋白质-多配体复合物。本文概述了β-乳球蛋白与不同营养活性成分间相互作用,以及生成复合物对活性成分的保护作用,讨论了天然β-乳球蛋白作为营养活性成分载体的优、缺点以及开发基于此蛋白的多活性成分载体的可能性。

Bioactive components offer benefits beyond basic nutrition and hence the possibility of delaying and preventing chronic diseases. However, many of these components are poorly soluble in water and sensitive to environmental factors associated with food processing or the gastrointestinal tract, which limit their application in the development of functional food, drug and cosmetic products. An edible carrier system can be used to overcome these limitations. Clarification of the interaction mechanisms between carrier materials and bioactive components is important for the development of non-emulsion carrier systems. Food proteins have been widely used as carrier materials because they have high nutritional value and possess multiple functional properties. Beta-lactoglobulin（β-LG）, the major whey protein in milk, contains several ligand-binding sites and exhibits an affinity to a wide range of compounds, including fatty acids, vitamins,phospholipids, polyphenols. β-LG could also interact simultaneously with folic acid, resveratrol and vitamin E to form protein-multi-ligand complexes. In this work, we emphasized the interactions between β-LG and bioactive components with different structures and physiochemical properties and effect of β-LG-ligand complex formation on the stability of bioactive molecules. Moreover, characteristics of native β-LG used as a carrier and the possibility to develop β-LG-based carrier system for encapsulation of multiple bioactive components were discussed.