民事司法中的当事人闹鉴及其法律治理

The harassment to forensic examiners initiated by civil case parties and corresponding legal countermeasures

自2005年起,国家启动了权力支配型的司法鉴定制度改革。然而未曾料想,当事人不满鉴定意见而到鉴定机构闹事的风气异军突起、且愈演愈烈。当事人闹鉴淋漓尽致地反映了当前转型中国政治法律背景下,鉴定场域中法院/官与社会鉴定机构/人的尴尬,且因为闹鉴立竿见影的效果,而诱导民事鉴定三重异化。治理民事闹鉴,国家理应超越既往,即过度注重对社会鉴定机构/人进行单一行政管控,而应建立以"诉讼规制"为中心的制度体系:规范法官的涉鉴行为,重铸法官对鉴定意见的决断权,建立可靠有效的鉴定争议解决机制与裁断是非对错的政治法律原则。同时,国家必须坚决而果断地惩戒违法犯罪之闹鉴者。

The events that the civil case parties harass the forensic examiners have been remarkably expanding since the national reform of disassociating forensic examinations from the courts took place in 2005. Such harassment reflects that, under China’s current transforming political and legal environment, the courts/judges and the forensic examiners/analysts have been exposed to an embarrassing status. It also relfects the effective outcome of the harassment achieved by the civil case parties has resulted in changes of forensic examination in three aspects. Accordingly, the traditional unitary administrative control of the forensic examinations should be overridden. It is necessary to establish the “procedural regulation” system as the core system to defeat the harassment committed by civil case parties. The procedural regulation system should be composed of regulating the judge’s behavior relating to forensic examination, reestablishing the judge’s discretionary power in determining the forensic analyst’s opinion, establishing effective dispute settlement mechanism, and forming political and legal principle in determining what is right and what is wrong. In the meanwhile, the state must decisively enforce sanctions to those who commit harassment to the forensic examiners.