某坑道密闭生存训练期间官兵生活区空气微生物调查分析

Air microorganisms in soldier living quarters of an underground tunnel during airtight survival training: investigation and analysis

目的：探讨坑道在官兵密闭生存训练期间生活区的微生物分布。方法定时、定点对生活区进行安德森采样，布点主要位于人员居住的两条通道（A、B两区）及厕所（C区）；采样后进行各种微生物的培养和鉴定。结果①整条坑道生活区细菌总数为125～37800个／m3，A、B、C三区细菌菌落总数平均为2692、1844、2199个／m3，整条坑道生活区细菌总数平均为2245个／m3；坑道生活区内真菌整体分布为0～10017个／m3，A、B、C三区真菌数平均为1064、883、1011个／m3，整条坑道生活区真菌数平均为986个／m3。②生活区布点测试细菌菌落数呈现三大特点：A、B两区细菌总数整体呈现“三峰”、C区呈现“双峰”现象；A、B生活区由初期的低菌落数以大幅升降态势波动；C区由初期的高菌落数以相对稳定的态势逐渐降至最低。真菌数量的变化规律有其自身的特点，整体变化趋势呈现波浪式无规律走向。③密闭生存训练期间坑道生活区空气中分布的微生物有：球菌（微球菌属、科氏葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、马葡萄球菌）、杆菌（鲍氏不动杆菌、鲁氏不动杆菌、粪产碱菌）、真菌（毛霉属、酵母属）。结论密闭生存训练期间坑道空气中微生物含量未超出军用卫生标准，但比同类型坑道高；微生物分布的“多峰”现象反映了屯兵期间坑道空气微生物变化有其自身规律和特点；生活区空气微生物种类多是条件致病菌，但若忽视仍会引起官兵发病。

Objective To investigate the distribution of air microorganisms in soldies′living quarters of one under-ground tunnel during airtight survival training .Methods Anderson sampling was carried out in Area A and Area B （ living quarters） and Area C （a toilet） at designated time and place.After sampling, the culture and identification of microorgan-isms were finished .Results ①In the living quarters of the whole underground tunnel , the total number of bacteria ranged from 125 to 37 800/m3,but it was 2692, 1844 and 2199/m3, respectively in Area A, B and C.The mean number of bac-teria was 2245/m3 .The number of fungi ranged from 0 to 10 017/m3 .The total number of fungi of Area A , B and C was 1064 , 883 and 1011/m3 .The mean number was 986/m3 .②The number of bacteria in the living areas presented three fea-tures：the total bacteria showed overall ＆quot;three peaks＆quot;in Area A and B, but＆quot;twin peaks＆quot;in Area C.In Area A and B, the number of bacteria exhibited low colony at first but fluctuated heavily later .In Area C, it decreased gradually to the mini-mum,and the fungi showed a wavy and irregular trend .③The air microbial species included cocci （ Micrococcus, Coriolis of Staphylococcus aureus, S.epidermidis and S.equorum） , bacilli （ Acinetobacter baumannii, A.lwoffii and Alcaligenes faeca-lis）,and fungi （Mucor and Saccharomyces）.Conclusion Although the content of microorganisms was up to the military hygiene standards , it was higher than in the same kind of tunnels .The＆quot;multi peak＆quot;phenomenon of microbial distribution suggests that the change of air microorganisms in tunnels has its own characteristics .Most of the air microorganisms are con-ditioned pathogens that may cause illness if they are not under control .