安庆乌龙河流域鱼类群落结构的空间差异研究

Study on Spatial Difference of Fish Community Structure of Wulong River in Anqing

以周边地区逐渐城市化的乌龙河流域为例,通过调查发现该河及其周边湖泊共有鱼类24种。相比人为干扰小的上游样点,经过城市化后的河流下游鱼类物种多样性较低,均匀度较高;人为干扰小的湖泊,则出现多样性和均匀度均较高。功能群分析表明,该流域鱼类中多以产沉性卵和粘性卵为主,杂食和碎屑食性鱼类种类较多,推测城市建设导致水量减少、生境单一化和水体污染是造成以上现象的主要原因。因此,及时开展城市化地区的鱼类资源调查,详细记录当地鱼类种类,为深入了解城市建设对河流生态系统的影响具有长远意义。

Fish＇s species and its change can reflect the status of environment. In this paper,Wulong River, a small watershed which was effected by urbanization was surveyed,and 24 species of fish in this watershed was found. Compared with upstream sites which was under lower human disturbance,a lower diversity and higher evenness were shown in the downstream site of river,but a higher diversity and evenness were observed in the lake which was under lower human disturbance. The difference of the functional group between these sites shown that sinking eggs and sticky eggs took the main status,and there are a quite number of omnivorous and detritus fish in the study area. The urbanization may be the major reason （including water shortage,simplified habitat and polluted water）, which causes the above-mentioned phenomenon. The local fishery resource must be timely surveyed and detailedly recorded in urbanized area. And in a long run, these works can help us to deeply understand the influences of urbanization on the river ecosystem health.