摘要
目的:探讨苏州地区圆锥角膜患者的临床特征。方法收集2006年1月至2013年12月就诊于苏州大学附属第一医院角膜眼表疾病门诊的125例(225只眼)圆锥角膜患者的临床资料,进行回顾性分析。记录患者的发病年龄、确诊年龄、家族史、遗传疾病史、屈光状态及角膜地形图变化特征等情况。不同角膜地形图病变形态的圆锥角膜按照可疑、轻度、中度和重度分为4个等级,以眼数和百分比的形式表示,并采用Kruskal-Wallis H秩和检验的方法进行比较。结果患者出现近视眼的年龄范围为5~41岁,平均(17.8±3.7)岁;其中11~30岁出现近视眼的患者73例(140只眼),占91.25%。所有患者的确诊年龄为6~50岁,平均(24.3±4.4)岁;其中11~30岁确诊的患者101例(183只眼),占80.80%。因配戴框架眼镜视力仍不能矫正至正常而就诊的患者共69例(124只眼),占55.20%;因初诊验光散光度数较大或复诊验光散光度数增加较明显而就诊的患者共38例(68只眼),占30.40%;因近视眼度数增长过快而就诊的患者共12例(22只眼),占9.60%;因角膜屈光手术前检查发现异常而就诊的患者共6例(11只眼),占4.80%。所有圆锥角膜患者中双眼发病者100例(200只眼),占80.00%,单眼发病者25例(25只眼),占20.00%。所有患者中有角膜变薄、前突者50例(96只眼),占42.67%;Kayser-Fleischer环患者32例(58只眼),占25.78%;Vogt条纹眼患者20例(30只眼),占13.33%;Munson征患者10例(12只眼),占5.33%。圆锥角膜分型:可疑圆锥角膜37例(45只眼),占20.00%;轻度圆锥角膜62例(92只眼),占40.89%;中度圆锥角膜者42例(63只眼),占28.00%;重度圆锥角膜者25例(25只眼),占11.11%。圆锥角膜角膜地形图病变形态:(1)蝶形:共60例(99只眼),占44.00%。其中对称蝶形患者10例(17只眼),占7.56%;不对称蝶形患者50例(82只眼),36.44%;(2)非蝶形:共101例(126只眼),占56.00%。其中乳头形患者41例(50只眼),占22.22%;卵圆形患者27例(41只眼),占18.22%;球形患者17例(19只眼),占8.44%;不规则形患者16例(16只眼),占7.11%。可疑圆锥角膜患者中对称蝶形病变者8例(10只眼),占22.22%;非对称蝶形病变者27例(33只眼),占73.33%;乳头形病变者2例(2只眼),占4.44%。轻度圆锥角膜患者中对称蝶形病变者5例(7只眼),占7.61%;非对称蝶形病变者32例(48只眼),占52.17%;乳头形病变者25例(37只眼),占40.22%。中度圆锥角膜患者中非对称蝶形病变者1例(1只眼),占1.59%;乳头形病变者7例(11只眼),占17.46%;卵圆形病变者27例(41只眼),占65.08%;球形病变者7例(10只眼),占15.87%。重度圆锥角膜患者中球形病变者9例(9只眼),占36.00%;不规则形病变者16例(16只眼),占64.00%。不同分型的圆锥角膜患者的角膜地形图病变形态比较,差异有统计学意义(F=192.06,P<0.05)。本研究未发现有圆锥角膜家族史的患者,也未发现有全身遗传病史的患者。结论苏州地区圆锥角膜患者多见于20岁左右的男性,大多数为双眼发病,角膜地形图检查可对圆锥角膜进行早期诊断。
Objective To characterize the clinical features of keratoconus in Suzhou. Methods Medical records of keratoconus patients who visited our department between January,2006 and December,2013 were reviewed.Data on ages of the disease onset and first diagnosis,family history,systemic genetic disease,refractive status and topographic characteristics of the cornea were extracted and analyzed. Results A total of 125 cases (225 eyes) met our inclusion criteria and were included in this retrospective study.The gender ratio was 2.57:1.Keratoconus was diagnosed in both eyes in 100(80%) cases and in one eye in 25(20%) cases.The average disease onset age in 80 patients was (17.8±3.7) range from 5 to 41 years.The average age at which Keratoconus was first diagnosed in 125 patients was (24.3±4.4) range from 6 to 50 years.Based on the corneal topographic examination results,the disease was suspicious in 54(24%) eyes,mild in 92(41%) eyes,moderate in 54(24%) eyes and severe in 25(11%) eyes.The lesions were symmetric bow-tie in 8%, asymmetric bow-tie in 36%, nipple in 22%, in oval 18%, global 9% and anomalistic in 7%of the diseased eyes respectively.While the majority of the suspicious lesions were in a bow-tie pattern,the mild lesions were mainly in a bow-tie or nipple pattern,the moderate lesions were mainly in a nipple, oval or global pattern, and the severe lesions were mostly in a global or anomalistic pattern. Neither family history nor systemic genetic disease was noted in this study.All patients were treated with rigid gas permeable contact lens ( RGPCL) ,5 eyes in 3 patients underwent deep lamellar keratoplasty and 3 eyes in 2 patients were treated with penetrating keratoplasty.Conclusions Keratoconus is significantly more common in male patients than in female patients around the age of 20 in Suzhou.In most cases,keratoconus occurrs in both eyes.Corneal topography is a sensitive method for early detection of keratoconus.
出处
《中华眼科医学杂志(电子版)》
2015年第2期13-17,共5页
Chinese Journal of Ophthalmologic Medicine(Electronic Edition)
关键词
圆锥角膜
临床特征
角膜地形图
Keratoeonus
Clinical features
Corneal topography