广东低强度养护绿地危害植物调查及防治研究

Investigation of Invasive Plants in the Green Lands with Low Intensity Maintenance in Guangdong and Relative Control Strategies

采取实地全面踏查的方法,连续3a对广东农工商职业技术学院增城校区绿地内危害植物进行跟踪记录,包括外国入侵植物和本土危害植物。研究了这些植物的种类、原产地、株型、生活型、危害程度、危害趋势及植物生长习性等。结果表明:1)共有31科81种危害植物,其中菊科、禾本科、豆科、苋科所占比重较大;2)外国入侵种危害性比本土危害种更强,其中美洲起源最多;3)草本植物危害最严重,共有66种,占81.48%;4)多年生和1年生危害植物较多,分别占59.26%和24.58%,夏末和秋季为最佳防控期;5)一年蓬、小蓬草、牛筋草、白花鬼针草、假臭草等17种植物危害严重且扩散迅速,属需高度关注的高危种;6)危害植物的危害及蔓延具明显规律。这些研究结果能揭示广东省低强度养护绿地危害植物侵入及危害规律,并为该类低强度养护城市绿地的科学监控和高效管理提供依据。

In this paper,the method of on-site inspection was used to investigate the alien invasive plants and native harmful plants intruded into the campus green lands in Guangdong Agriculture Industry Business Polytechnic College.The species,origin,plant types,life-form,damage degree,trend of invasion,and the growth habits were investigated.The results showed that 1）a total of 81 invasive plant species belonging to 31 families were discovered,composed mainly of Compositae,Gramineae,Leguminosae and Amaranthaceae.2）The alien invasive plants were more harmful than native harmful plants,and most of them originated from America.3）The number of herbaceous plants was 66（accounting for 81.48%）,which caused the most serious damage.4）The dominant harmful plants were perennial and annual plants,accounted for 59.26% and 24.58%,respectively.The best management periods were in late summer and autumn.5）Seventeen species were seriously harmful and spread rapidly,belonging to high-risk species,such as Erigeron annuus,Conyza canadensis,Eleusine indica,Bidens pilosa var.radiata,Praxelisclematidea and so on.6）Obvious regularities were observed on the damage and spread of harmful plants,which may provide relevant information for monitoring and management of green lands in the campus.