我国高桩舞狮优秀运动员竞技能力结构模型特征研究

Structure Model Characteristics of China Elite High Pile Lion Dance Athletes' Competitive Ability

目的:通过分析我国高桩舞狮优秀运动员竞技能力,确定高桩舞狮优秀运动员竞技能力的主导因素,探索高桩舞狮优秀运动员竞技能力特征,明确了我国高桩舞狮优秀运动员竞技能力结构模型。方法:运用文献资料法、调查法、实验法和数理统计法,对我国高桩舞狮60名优秀运动员竞技能力指标进行测试分析。结果:1)对高桩舞狮优秀运动员竞技能力各类要素指标确定了24项身体形态指标、9项身体机能指标、19项身体素质指标、8项技术指标和18项心理指标;2)狮头运动员身高低于狮尾运动员,狮头狮尾运动员身体上下肢比例协调、匀称,肩略宽,髋部较窄,躯干呈倒三角形,上下肢、跟腱较长,身体围度和充实度适中;3)我国高桩舞狮优秀运动员具有较高的有氧能力,并且无氧能力强,具有较强的平衡能力、反应灵敏和空间感知觉能力;4)高桩舞狮优秀运动员需要有较大的手臂力量,较好的下肢爆发力、腰腹力量、空间感知觉的把控能力以及高度的灵敏协调性;5)单桩双腿上跳下接180°左转体凌空占位上单腿指标构成旋转位移因子、动作规格完成分值指标构成动作规格因子,很好的体现出运动员难度技术能力和整体的技术水平;6)顽强意志力、良好的赛前情绪控制能力以及较好的认知能力3因子,则很好的反映出了高桩舞狮优秀运动员所具备的心理素质;7)通过因子分析、回归分析理论知识三结合的方法,确定了高桩舞狮优秀运动员竞技能力各要素的构成成分的典型评价指标体系,最终建立了我国高桩舞狮优秀运动员竞技能力结构模型,能较全面、系统和准确地反映我国高桩舞狮优秀运动员竞技能力的主导因素的共性,为高桩舞狮运动发展提供训练目标体系,为竞技高桩舞狮运动员选材提供科学依据。

Objective：This study analyzed elite high pile lion dance athletes＇ competitive ability and determined its leading factors, characteristics and structure model. Methods ： Competitive ability indexes of 60 elite high pile lion dance athletes were analyzed by literature research, investigation, experiment and mathematical statistics. Results： 1 ） Twenty-four body shape indicators,9 body function indicators, 19 physical fitness indicators, 8 technique indica- tors and 18 psychology indicators of high pile lion dance athletes＇ competitive ability were selected. 2）Height of li- on-head athletes is higher than that of lion-tail athletes, both of their lower and upper limbs are long in perfect pro- portion, their shoulder is wide, hip is narrow, trunk is inverted triangle, achilles tendon is long, body circumference and muscle are moderate. 3） China elite high pile lion dance athletes have high aerobic capacity, anaerobic capaci- ty, balance ability, response sensitivity and space perception ability. 4）Elite high pile lion dance athletes should have large arm, waist and abdomen strengths, good explosive force of lower limbs, space perception ability, high sensitivity and coordination. 5）Jumping from single pile with 180° left turn is a rotary displacement factor, move- ment execution score is a movement specification factor, and both of them reflect the athlete＇s ability of movement difficulty and athletes＇ whole technique level. 6）Indomitable willpower,good pre-match emotion control ability and better cognitive ability are three factors that the elite high pile lion dance athletes should have. 7 ） By using the methods of factor analysis, regression analysis and theory knowledge, typical evaluation system of elite high pile lion dance athletes＇ competitive ability is determined, its structure model is established, and it can reflect the leading factors of competitive ability comprehensively, systematically and accurately. This paper hoped to provide training target system for development of high pile lion dance, and provide scientific basis for athlete selection of high pile lion dance.