绝经后骨质疏松患者膳食钙摄入调查及来源分析

Investigation on Dietary Calcium Intake and Source Analysis in Women with Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

目的：调查绝经后骨质疏松患者膳食钙摄入情况,并分析膳食来源,为临床治疗提供依据。方法：按照入组标准,选取中日友好医院2013年10月—2014年10月的骨质疏松专病门诊患者,收集患者基本资料,包括年龄、身高、体重、伴有基础疾病等情况,采用食物频率法（FFQ）调查患者过去1个月的膳食情况,应用NCCW2009营养软件统计钙每日摄入量。按照钙的来源将食物进行分类,分析绝经后妇女膳食钙来源的特点。结果：总共完成调查108例,绝经后女性膳食日均钙摄入的总量为476.6±177.5mg/d,个体膳食结构差别大导致方差较大,总达标率为4.6%,随着年龄的增加,膳食钙摄入有所增加,但无明显差异（年龄组间P=0.25）。膳食钙摄入量虽然高于人群平均水平,但是仍远远低于每日推荐量,达标率极低,需要额外钙补充剂以达到适宜摄入水平（1 000mg/d）。钙的食物来源主要有奶类和蔬菜类,占比大致为40%和20%,且高龄组的摄入高于低龄组,但年龄组内个体差异较大,年龄组间差异无统计学意义,膳食钙的其次来源为主食类和豆类,各自占比约10%。结论：绝经后骨质疏松患者的膳食钙摄入普遍不足,且绝经5~10年内的妇女膳食钙摄入低于老年人组,改进膳食结构和补充含钙制剂以达到适宜的摄入量是必要的和急切的。

Objective To study the dietary calcium intake and source in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis to provide evidence for clinic treatment. Method Inpatients of postmenopausal osteoporosis were selected from October 2013 to October 2014 in outpatient department of osteoporosis in China-Japan Friendship Hospital. Basic information including age,gender,height,weight and basic disease were collected. The food frequency questionnaire（ FFQ） over the past month was used to survey the ingestion frequency and the amount of diet. Daily calcium intake was calculated with the application of NCCW2009 nutrition statistics software. According to the classification of food sources of calcium,analysis of the characteristics of the food source was performed in postmenopausal women. Result The amount of daily calcium intake in 108 postmenopausal women was 476. 6 ± 177. 5 mg,variance was large as to big difference of individual dietary. The overall rate reaching the standard was 4. 6%. Calcium intake increased with the growing age,but no significant difference（ P = 0. 25） was observed between age groups. Calcium intake was higher than average crowd,but was still far below the recommended adequate intake. Extra calcium supplements were needed to achieve appropriate intake level（1 000 mg / d）. The most important calcium food sources were milk and vegetables,accounted for 40% and 20% respectively. The intake of older was higher than the younger,but there was no statistically significant difference due to big individual differences within age groups. The second source of calcium for staple food and beans,respectively accounted for about 10%. Conclusion Dietary calcium intake was mostly scarce in postmenopausal osteoporosis,especially after the 5 to 10 years of menopause the dietary intake was deficient. In order to achieve adequate intake,it was necessary and urgent to intervene dietary structure and calcium supplement.