结直肠癌的早期诊断进展

The new progress of early diagnosis of colorectal cancer

结直肠癌是我国消化道常见的恶性肿瘤之一。近年来,我国结直肠癌发病率及死亡率呈逐渐增高趋势。结直肠癌患者的生存率,除与治疗方法及治疗技术有关外,主要取决于肿瘤的分期。在临床治疗技术不断提高的今天,晚期结直肠癌患者的治疗仍无明显有效的方法,预后不佳。早有调查结果[1]显示,结直肠癌的早期诊断有助于降低其发病率及死亡率。因此能否做到早期诊断,对提高结直肠癌患者生存率尤为重要。随着医疗技术的不断发展,对结直肠癌的筛查手段不断增加,也使得该病早期诊断率有所提高。目前,应用于临床的早期诊断技术除传统的便潜血,肛门指诊及肛门镜检查外,粪便脱落细胞和DNA检查,CT结肠成像(CTC)方法,肿瘤标记物的检查及内镜检查等高精技术均成为早期结肠癌诊断的重要方法。本文将结直肠癌早期诊断技术作一总结。

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumor of digestive tract in China. The incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer are increased in recent years. The survival rate of patients with colorectal cancer mainly depends on tumor stage and treatment. However, there is still no obvious effective treatment to patients with advanced colorectal cancer, prognosis. Early survey showed that early diagnosis of eoloreetal cancer is helpful to reduce the morbidity and mortality. It is very important for improving survival in colorectal cancer with early diagnosis. Early diagnosis rate can be achieved with the continuous improvement of medical technology for colorectal cancer. At present, traditional fecal occult blood, rectal exfoliative cells and DNA diagnosis and anoscopy outer feces, CT Colonography （CTC） method, tumor marker examination and endoscopy and other high precision technology have become important methods for early diagnosis of Eolorectal cancer. Early diagnosis technology of coloreetal cancer is summarized as follow.