急性肾损伤实验室诊断指标研究进展

Research Progress of Biological Indicators for Acute Kindey Injury

急性肾损伤(acute kindey injury,AKI)是一种常见的急重症,多见于老年人,临床起病急,特征不明显,病情进展迅速,易造成漏诊、误诊。经典的AKI诊断指标为血肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)等,但其灵敏度不高,且易受年龄、药物和蛋白摄入量等多种因素的影响。如何早期诊断急性肾损伤,避免延误治疗,降低患者死亡率成为当前研究的热点。本文通过回顾近几年AKI研究领域的新进展,对实验室诊断的新指标:血清胱抑素C、肾损伤分子-1、中性粒细胞明胶酶相关载脂蛋白、白介素18、钠氢交换体3、富半胱氨酸肝素结合蛋白61、N-乙酰-β氨基葡萄糖苷酶、海藻糖酶等进行总结,旨在为AKI的早期诊断、治疗及判断预后提供帮助。

Acute Kindey Injury is the frequent emergencies in clinical division in elderly. It easily cause missed diagnosis and misdiagn0sis because of its onset quickly,characteristic not obvious and rapid progression. Classic diagnostic indicators of AKI such as Scr and BUN had low sensitivity,and it is influenced by many factors for instance age,drugs and protein intake. How to diagnosis of AKI early,avoid delay treatment and reduce mortality has been the hot spot at present. This paper gives an overview of diagnostic indicators consist of Cys C, KIM-1, NGAL, IL-18, NHE3, Cyr61, NAG and Trehalase in recent years for diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of AKI early.