寒地高淀粉玉米“粒秆两用”种植模式研究

Research on the "Dual Grain Stalk" Planting Pattern of High Starch Corn in Cold Area

[目的]通过种植方式与密度互作提高玉米群体生产力,为寒地地区玉米"粒秆两用"提供理论和技术支持。[方法]以寒地高淀粉玉米(郑单958)为试验材料,通过对不同种植模式下的玉米产量、叶面积指数、光合性能、干物质积累以及茎秆含糖量等因素的分析,得出黑龙江寒地高淀粉玉米"粒秆两用"最适的种植模式。[结果]大垄双行覆膜(C1),在较高密度下因其保水和保温等因素影响,更有利于改善群体冠层垂直结构,延长叶片功能期,提高玉米群体叶面积指数,使玉米群体光合速率和叶绿素含量升高,构建高光效生产体系,促进库源协调发展,增加光合产物的干物质积累,提高玉米穗长、穗粒数和千粒重,最终提高玉米产量和茎秆含糖量;相关分析表明,产量与茎秆可溶性总糖含量呈不显著负相关关系,所以茎秆含糖量的提高不会影响产量;通径分析表明,叶绿素含量和单株干物重对单株茎秆可溶性总糖影响较大。[结论]结合子粒高产和茎秆高能两方面因素,采用大垄双行覆膜种植方式和90 000株/hm2的种植密度是高产、稳产的最优配置。

[Objective]The research aimed to improve the productivity of maize population through the planting pattern and density interaction,and provide theoretical and technical support for corn ＂ dual grain stalk＂ in cold area. [Method] With high starch maize（ Zhengdan958） of cold area as the experimental material,though investigating such as corn yield,leaf area index,properties of light,dry matter accumulation and stem sugar content,that factors was analysised and discusses under different planting patterns,and got the ＂ dual grain stalk＂ optimal planting pattern of High Starch Corn in Heilongjiang Cold Area. [Result]The large double ridge mulching（ C1） with high density was more conducive to the improvement of the canopy vertical structure,extension of leaves the functional period and increase the leaf area index of maize,increased the maize canopy photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content,constructed high efficiency production system,promoted the coordinated development of library source increase the photosynthetic products and dry matter accumulation,improved the maize ear length,grain number per spike and thousand grain weight,and ultimately improved the yield and sugar content of corn stalk due to the increasing temperature moisture and other factors. The correlation analysis showed that yield and stem total soluble sugar content was not significant negative correlation,so did not affect the yield of stalk sugar content. Path analysis showed that the chlorophyll content and dry weight had greater impact on stem soluble sugar influence.[Conclusion] Combined with the kernel yield and stem high two factors,using large double ridge mulching plastic film,and 90 000 strains / hm2 planting density was high and stable yield optimal allocation.