我国农村老年人口的健康不平等及其分解——基于东中西部的实证分析

Decomposition of Health Inequalities among Elderly People in Rural China : An Empirical Research Based on the Survey of Eastern, Central and Western China

利用农业部2010年农村固定观察点数据,基于对通过区间回归由序数性质的自评健康数据转换为基数性质的健康效用指数进行健康不平等集中指数的计算和分解,从而分地区对我国农村老年人口与收入相关的健康不平等情况进行了估计和分解。实证结果表明东中西部三个地区的农村老年人口中普遍存在健康不平等的情况,而各影响因素的贡献率存在全国范围内共性特点的同时,各地区也因自身发展情况的差异而表现出一些个性特征。东中西部的实证分析均显示收入、受教育程度、年龄、饮用水质量和卫生条件扩大了健康不平等,而家庭规模能够降低健康不平等的程度,性别、民族和政治参与情况也在局部地区有一定影响。因此,政府应该有重点和地区针对性地采取措施,缓解农村老年人的健康不平等现状。

Based on the data from 2010 fixed observation point survey in rural areas by Ministry of Agriculture of China, the paper transform the ordinal self-assessed health data into cardinal indicators of health utilities by the means of interval regression to calculate and decompose the health concentration inequality indicators, thus have the income-related health inequalities of the old people in rural area estimated and decomposed. The results show that there are prevailing health inequality among the elderly people all over the rural of China. In general, income, education, age, quality of drinking water and sanitary condition deepen the inequality while household size reduces the inequality. Meanwhile, factors such as gender, nationality and political participation affects the health inequality in certain areas.