民法总则如何反映民事权利?

How General Principles of Civil Law Reflects Civil Right?

民法总则虽然不宜再沿用民法通则一字排开地规定财产所有权、与财产所有权有关的财产权、债权、知识产权、继承权等类型,但并不可将民事权利的规范完全交给民法典的各分则编,而是应当设置民事权利的一般规则,其规范范围受制于民法总则的体系及其章节内容,受制于民法典所规制的内容,受制于民法典奉行的理念、指导思想。民法总则不但应规定民事权利的设立及行使不得违背公序良俗原则,应当遵循诚实信用等原则,而且应就期待权、抗辩权的构成、类型、效力等内容设置必要的规范。即使民法总则乃至民法典无法将所有的民事权利规范收拢在怀,也不可盲目地高倡"法不禁止即自由"。

Although General Principles of Civil Law is not suitable to adopt a linear listing of regula- tions of property ownership fight, fights related to the former such as property fight, creditor＇s rights, intellectual property, right of inheritance, it can not transfer completely all the civil right regu- lation to the compilation of each individual principle but sets up a general regulation of civil right, whose regulation range should be restricted by the system and the content of each chapter, by the content regulated by the civil code and by the idea and guiding thought pursued by the civil code. Civil code should not only require the establishment and implementation of civil right not be against the public order and good custom, follow principle of being honest and trustworthy, but also set up regulations about the composition, types and efficacy of expectation right and debate right. Even if General Principles of Civil Law or civil code can not include all the civil rights, they cannot advo- cate blindly ＂Everything is permitted, which is not forbidden by law＂.