用典技巧演进与南朝骈文形式

The Evolution of Allusion and the Form of Parallel Prose in the Southern Dynasty

用典为南朝骈文形式方面的一大要素,其技巧的演进与骈文的发展基本上是同步的。刘宋时期,骈文初步形成,典故总数相对较少,具体类型主要包括语典与事典,用典方式以明用为主,技巧也相对粗糙,但总体看来,用典较贴切自然。时至齐梁陈,骈文进一步发展并趋于成熟,典故数量大增,方式灵活多样,明用、暗用、反用、借用、活用皆有。同时,用典技巧也走向精湛化,许多作家善于活用化用,不露痕迹,巧妙恰当而又平易自然。南朝骈文用典既可充实文章内容、提高表现力,又可装饰文章形式、增强审美性,在骈文追求形式美的过程中起到至关重要的作用。

Allusion was one element of parallel prose form in the Southern Dynasty.Its evolution of skills was basically synchronized with the development of parallel prose.During Liu Song period,the parallel prose was initially formed.And the total number of allusions was relatively small,including allusions of language and events,and by means of overt quotations.Accordingly,the skills were not so refined.However,generally speaking,the allusions were appropriate and natural.Till the Qi,Liang and Chen Dynasties,with parallel prose developing and getting mature,the number of allusions increased and the manners of alluding became flexible and various,including legible allusions,implicit allusions,anti allusions,borrowed allusions and creative allusions.Meanwhile,alluding techniques became refined.Writers were good at using allusions flexibly,appropriately and naturally.The allusions in parallel prose in the Southern Dynasty could not only enrich the content of the article,improve the expressive force,but vary writing forms,enhance aesthetic effect,and play an important role in the process of pursuing beauty in form of parallel prose.