中国公布的3批外来入侵植物种类特征与入侵现状分析

Analysis on the characteristics and the present status of three lists of alien invasive plant species published in China

生物入侵是当今世界各国发展的一大挑战。外来入侵物种已对各国经济造成了不同程度的影响,中国也未能幸免。为了防止外来物种入侵,减轻其对我国造成的影响,国家环保总局先后于2003年、2010年及2014年公布了3批中国外来入侵物种名单。据统计,中国公布的3批外来物种名单中的外来入侵植物共29种,占半数以上,其中菊科和禾本科植物合计20种,约占3批外来入侵植物总种数的68.96%;生活型为草本的植物最多,占96.55%;原产地为美洲的占93.10%。3批外来入侵植物中62.07%的植物是非有意引入的,现今已全部建立种群,且在全国各地大范围扩散。

Nowadays, biological invasion is a big challenge all around the world. Invasive species have caused the different economic influence around in the world, including China. In order to prevent the invasion of alien species and to reduce the economic losses, Chinese Environmental Protection Administration has published three lists of Chinese invasive species in 2003, 2010 and 2014, respectively. According to statistics, the number of alien invasive species of plants is a total of 29, including 20 plant species which belong to Compositae and Gramineae, accounting for about 68.96% of the total number; most life-forms of invasive plants are herbaceous, accounting for 96.55%; the origin of America accounts for 93.10%. 62.07% of invasive plant species in three lists are non-intentionally introduced. Now all the invasive plants have established their populations and have spread across the country.