美国水体功能分类管理及与我国的比较

Comparation of water body function classification management between China and America

水体功能分类是制定水体管理目标的基础,借鉴美国水体功能分类方法对我国水环境保护管理具有重要意义。通过对美国水体功能分类的内涵、特点和确定方法进行总结,分析了水体功能的类别和功能可达性的评估方法,阐述其指定功能更改程序的实施步骤。在比较我国与美国水体功能分类差异管理的基础上,指出了我国水体功能分类的不足,对如何借鉴美国水体功能分类体系进行完善提出建议。在当前我国生态文明建设的背景下,我国水体功能管理需在3个方面进一步完善,即在功能分类上要提高对水生态功能的考虑;在功能管理体系上需增加水体功能可达性分析确定功能的步骤;在功能管理法律上需建立水体功能保护基准来指导水体标准的制定。

The goals of water environmental management were established by the functional classification of water body, and the framework in USA which was used popularly in the water environment management had good references for water management in China. The connotation, characteristics and methods of the water functional classification in USA were summarized, and the types of water function and the assessment method of water function attainability were studied. Then, the implementation steps of changing specified functions were stated. Based on the comparison between China and USA, the disadvantage of the functional classification in China was raised and we also mentioned what kind of management measures was useful for China. In the context of ecological civilization construction current in China, three aspects should be considered in the further improvement of water functional management. Firstly, the ecological function of water body should be considered more. Secondly, the steps for the function attainability analysis of water function should be considered in the management system. Thirdly, the water function standard should be established in the law for water body management in the following management.