上海市松江区新桥镇2014年户籍居民死因及减寿分析

Analysis of the death cause and life loss of the permanent residents in Xinqiao Town of Songjiang District, Shanghai in 2014

目的:了解上海市松江区新桥镇2014年户籍居民死亡及减寿情况,为疾控部门的科学防治和干预提供依据。方法:通过搜集人口资料、全死因监测、编制人口寿命表,并计算居民的期望寿命、死因顺位、潜在减寿年数,平均减寿年数。结果:新桥镇2014年男性户籍居民的出生期望寿命为80.0岁,女性为85.0岁。居民死因构成比排序前4位为恶性肿瘤、循环系统疾病、呼吸系统疾病和损伤中毒,分性别排序时病种相同而顺位稍有不同。男性粗死亡率高于女性(841.7/10万比705.6/10万),差异有统计学意义(χ2=12.0,P<0.01)。造成居民减寿最多的3类病种分别为恶性肿瘤、循环系统疾病和损伤中毒,男女性顺位一致。男性人均减寿年数为7.7年,略高于女性的7.6年。结论:恶性肿瘤作为首要死因,与其他慢性非传染性疾病共同严重影响着居民的健康水平,损伤和中毒造成的减寿也应得到政府和全社会的共同关注。

Objective： To learn the situation of the death cause and life loss of the permanent residents in Xinqiao Town of Songjiang District, Shanghai in 2014 to provide a basis for the scientific prevention and treatment and intervention of the disease control department. Methods： Through collecting the population data, monitoring all death, and making the life table, the residents＇ life expectancy, the sequence of death causes, the potential years of life lost, and the average years of life lost were calculated. Results： In 2014, the life expectancy of the permanent male residents was 80.0 years old and that of the permanent female ones was 85.0 years old. The constituent ratio of the death causes in the top 4 by ranking were the malignant tumor, circulatory system disease, respiratory system disease and injury and poisoning. The types of the diseases ranged by the gender were same, but the sequence was a bit different. The male crude death rate was higher than the female（841.7/100 000 to 705.6/100 000）, and the difference had the statistical significance（x2=12.0, P〈0.01）. The three diseases that mostly caused the years of life lost were the malignant tumor, circulatory system disease and injury and poisoning and their sequences of the male and female were the same. The years of life lost for the male was 7.7 years per person, which was slightly higher than that for the female 7.6 years. Conclusion： The malignant tumor as the primary cause of death seriously affects the health level of the residents together with other chronic non-communicable diseases. The life lost due to the injury and poisoning should also get the common concern from the governments and the whole society.