环境约束下中国造纸产业全要素生产率分析

Analysis on Total Factor Productivity of Paper Industry in China under Environmental Regulations

文章基于中国、美国和日本等11个国家造纸产业的相关投入产出数据,利用数据包络分析法(DEA)对11国的造纸产业的生产效率水平进行了分析。根据环境规制的特征,通过应用Malmquist方法测算了环境规制之下中国以及其他10个国家2000-2008年的生产率及其成分,并与不考虑环境因素的传统全要素生产率进行对比研究。研究结果表明:考虑环境管制后11个国家的造纸工业平均全要素生产效率是下降的;具体每个国家而言,考虑环境管制后美国、奥地利和中国的全要素生产率比不考虑环境规制要高,而其他八个国家的全要素生产率则是下降。根据研究结论,文章认为促进中国造纸产业的发展主要从三方面着手:一是进一步促进中国造纸产业的工业规模化发展;二是加快造纸产业技术创新;三是提高企业的生产管理水平。

Based on the input-output data of papermaking industry in China, United States, Japan and other 8 countries, the paper makes an analysis on the efficiency of papermaking industry in those 11 countries by using Data Envelopment Analysis. This paper calculates the Total Factor Productivity（TFP） and its decomposed indices of papermaking industry in 11 countries from 2000 to 2008 while accounting for factors about environment by using Malmquist productivity index, and then compared with the tradition of TFP with no consideration of environmental factors. It is concluded that average TFP of papermaking industry in those 11 countries is declining. In respect of each country, the TFP in United States, Austria and China is higher than that without considering the environmental controls, while the TFP of the other eight countries is declining. According to the research conclusions, the paper puts forward three measures to promote the development of Chinese papermaking industry, including furthering the industrial scale development of Chinese papermaking industry, accelerating technological innovation of papermaking industry and improving the production management level of enterprises.