有机农业生产效率的三阶段DEA分析——以陕西洋县为例

Organic Agricultural Production Efficiency Based on a Three-stage DEA Model: A Case Study of Yang County,Shaanxi Province

有机农业是我国适应居民食品消费由注重数量向质量转变、促进生态文明建设、缓解农业污染问题等的现实选择。以有机农业发展的典型——陕西洋县为例,运用三阶段DEA(数据包络分析)模型,本文比较分析了其与周边县区的农业生产效率。结果表明:以农林牧渔业总产值为产出指标和以农业资本、劳动力、耕地面积、化肥使用量、农膜使用量为投入指标满足模型适用的"同向性"条件假设,可以进行投入产出的效率分析;管理因素、外部环境因素和随机因素对农业生产效率均有显著影响,有必要进行各因素对效率影响的剥离性分析;在外部环境因素中,提高农民人均纯收入、城镇化水平、财政支出占GDP比重均有利于促进农业生产效率,而以粮食播种面积与耕地面积比表示的种植结构与农业生产效率呈显著负相关;在发展有机农业前和后,洋县农业综合生产率、纯技术效率和规模效率均低于陕南26县区的平均水平,但发展有机农业后,其农业综合生产率、纯技术效率排名分别上升了5位和6位,同时,规模效率排名下降了3位;然而,洋县绿色农业生产纯技术效率仍然低于规模效率。主要研究结论:三阶段DEA模型有效剔除了管理因素和随机因素对农业生产效率的影响;有机化可以提高农业生产效率,这主要来源于纯技术效率而非规模效率的改进。为了缩小与周边农业生产效率的差距,洋县应该提高绿色农业管理技术水平和扩大生产规模,且重点在于前者。

Organic agriculture is the realistic choice of adapting to residents＇ food consumption which shifts from focusing on quantity to quality, promoting ecological civilization construction as well as relieving agricultural pollution. As a typical example of organic agriculture,Yang County, the paper comparatively analyzed its agricultural production efficiency among the surrounding counties by using three-stage Data Envelopment Analysis （DEA） model. The results show that： （1）The gross product of farming, forestry, herd and fishery as the output index and the agricultural capital, labor, farmland area, fertilizer and agricultural film as the input index are applicable to the ＇ same orientation＇ condition hypothesis of the model, so the efficiency analysis of input and output could be carried out; （2）Because management factors, external environment factors and random factors all have significant influence upon agricultural production efficiency, the stripping analysis of those factors is necessary; （3）Among external environment factors, rural per capita net income, urbanization level, and the ratio of fiscal expenditure to GDP have positive significant effect on agricultural production efficiency, but the farming structure presented by the ratio of grain planting area to farmland area has negative significant effect on agricultural production efficiency; （4） Both before and after the development of organic agriculture, Yang County＇ s agricultural production efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency are lower than the average level of 26 counties in southern Shaanxi, but after the development of organic agriculture, the agricultural production efficiency and pure technical efficiency rank up by 5 and 6 respectively, meanwhile, scale efficiency ranks down by 3 ; （2） However, Yang County＇ s agricultural pure technical efficiency is still lower than its scale efficiency. The research conclusions are as follows： The three-stage DEA model effectively excluded the influence of management factors and random factors upon agricultural product efficiency; Organizing could increase agricultural production efficiency resulting from the improving of pure technical efficiency, but not from the scale efficiency. To narrow the gap of agricultural product efficiency with surroundings, Yang County should improve the green agricultural management technique level and enlarge production scale, and the emphasis is on the former.