财政分权、政治晋升与环境冲突——基于省级空间面板数据的实证检验

Fiscal Decentralization,Political Promotion and Environmental Conflict——An Empirical Analysis Based on Spatial Panel Data

本文从财政分权、政治晋升的角度分析了地方政府治理结构存在诱发环境冲突的机制,并使用1998—2011年省级面板数据构建空间计量模型检验财政分权、政治晋升与环境冲突的关系。研究发现,财政分权是环境冲突产生的重要制度性原因;政治晋升对环境冲突的影响是双面的;相较市场失灵,环境冲突更多反映的是政府失灵。在上述基础上,本文提出了相关对策与建议。

Environmental pollution is a cause of environmental conflict,but the government＇s lack of environmental services and the dereliction of duty of social management is the main cause. Using provincial panel data from 1998 to 2011 to build the spatial econometric model,this paper test the relationship between fiscal decentralization,political advancement and environmental conflicts. The research shows that fiscal decentralization is an important institutional reason of causing the environment conflict. Fiscal decentralization gives the local government great autonomy in fiscal revenue and expenditure. Tax reform since 1994 increased the spending pressure of local government,which makes the local government emphasize growth while neglecting the public service. Political promotion impacts the environment conflict in two directions,on the one hand,the local government competes neglects the environmental services and social management which can induce environment conflict,while stability assessment has certain inhibitory effect on the environment conflict. The study also finds that the relationship between environmental conflicts and per capita income is inverted u-shaped. Compared with market failure,the environmental conflicts more reflect the government failure. The research has important influence on the governance structure of local government. Further financial reform should be based on the governance responsibilities,and political assessment should fully consider factors of public service at the same time.