烯效唑对花生生长、光合作用及产量性状的影响

Effects of uniconazole on growth,photosynthesis and yield traits of peanut

在花生开花下针期喷施不同浓度(0、20、30、40、50 mg/L)的烯效唑处理,研究烯效唑对花生生长发育及光合生理的化学调控效应。结果表明,烯效唑处理可矮化花生植株,降低果柄长和叶片蒸腾速率,增加结果数、百仁重、生物量以及单株生产力,并能提高花生叶片的光合速率、气孔导度及胞间浓度CO2浓度,进而增加花生的荚果产量。烯效唑对花生生长的化学调控效应因处理浓度及生长时期而异,40、50 mg/L烯效唑处理对结荚期花生旺长的控制程度较大;随着烯效唑处理时间的延长,20、30 mg/L烯效唑处理对花生成熟期的控长作用较好。光合速率、叶绿素含量及荚果产量随烯效唑处理浓度的升高而呈现出先增加后降低的趋势,20、30 mg/L烯效唑处理更利于促进花生叶片的光合作用及荚果发育。总体而言,烯效唑可通过调控花生的生长发育和光合生理作用来增加产量,其中以30 mg/L烯效唑处理对花生的综合调控效果最佳。

In this paper, chemical regulation effects of uniconazole on growth and photosynthetic physiology of peanut were researched by spraying different concentrations of uniconazole at the blossom stage： 0, 20, 30, 40, 50 mg/L. The results showed that uniconazole deduced plant height, stalk length and transpiration rate of leaves, and increased the number of pod, one hundred seed kernel weight, biomass and productivity per plant, also improved the leaf photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and intercellular concentration of C02, then increased the pod yield of peanut. Chemical control effects of uniconazole on peanut were different at different uniconazole concentration and growth period. 40 mg/L and 50 mg/L uniconazole were better for controlling growth of peanut at pod stage. However, 20 mg/L and 30 mg/L were better for controlling growth at maturity stage. The photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content and pod yield increased at first then inclined with uniconazole concentration increasing, 20 mg/Land 30 mg/L uniconazole were more suitable for improving photosynthesis and pod development. In a word, uniconazole could increase yield by regulating the growth and photosynthetic physiological action of peanut, and 30 mg/L was the best concentration for controlling the comprehensive chemical regulation.