不完全性川崎病的临床特征、早期诊断及治疗

Clinical Features,Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Incomplete Kawasaki Disease in Children

目的探讨不完全性川崎病的临床特征、诊断及治疗,为临床医生识别和早期诊断提供依据。方法回顾性分析2011年4月至2014年3月在我医院住院治疗的川崎病(Kawasaki disease,KD)患者临床资料,对174例不完全性川崎病(incomplete Kawasaki disease,i KD)及317例完全性川崎病(complete Kawasaki disease,c KD)的性别、发病年龄、临床表现、急性期实验室检查、IVIG(intravenous immunoglobulin)治疗及冠状动脉损伤(coronary artery lesions,CALs)进行比较。结果 1i KD与c KD患者性别及年龄差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。而i KD患者皮疹、双眼球结膜充血、口唇黏膜充血、草莓舌、四肢端硬肿、颈淋巴结肿大的发生率明显低于c KD患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2i KD与c KD患者的WBC、Hct、ESR、AST、ALT、PA、HDL、无菌性脓尿实验室指标比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);3i KD诊断时间较c KD略晚,二者的CALs发生率、对IVIG反应及发热持续时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 i KD临床表现阳性率比c KD明显降低,但WBC、ESR、ALT、PA、HDL、无菌性脓尿等实验室炎性反应指标的明显变化有助于i KD早期诊断。若能在发热后10d得到及时诊断和IVIG治疗,i KD患者的CALs发生率可明显降低。

Objective To explore the clinical features, early diagnosis and treatment of incomplete Kawasaki disease （ iKD） in children in order to early recognition and diagnosis of iKDs. Methods Retrospectively study on children with KD（ Ka-wasaki disease）including 174 cases of iKD patients and 317 cases of cKD（complete Kawasaki disease）patients admitted in the West China Second University hospital from May,2011 to April,2014. The sex,age,clinical features,laboratory tests in acute phase,IVIG（ intravenous immunoglobulin） treatment and CALs（ coronary artery lesions） were analysed between the iKDsand cKDs, respectively. Results ①There were no significant differences in sex and age between iKDs and cKDs（P〉0. 05）,but the inci-dences of exanthema,bilateral bulbar conjunctival injection,oral and pharyngeal hyperemia,strawberry tongue,erythema of palms and soles,cervical lymphadenopathy in iKDs were lower than in cKDs（P 〈0. 05）. ②There were no significant differences in WBC,Hct,ESR,AST,ALT,PA,HDL,sterile pyuria between iKDs andcKDs（P〉0. 05）.③The time of diagnosis in iKDswere later than in cKDs. There were no significant difference in the incidence of CALs,response of IVIG and duration of fever betweeniKDs and cKDs（P〉0. 05）. Conclusion The incidences of typical clinical symptoms of KD in iKDswere lower than in cKDs. These la-boratory tests including WBC,Hct,ESR,AST,ALT,PA,HDL,sterile pyuria are help for diagnosis of iKDs. The CALs caused by iKDs were decreased by using of IVIG within 10 days after initial fever.