升金湖国家自然保护区土地利用生态风险评价

Ecological Risk Assessment of Land Use in Shengjin Lake National Nature Reserve

[目的]为了有效保护升金湖国家自然保护区生态环境。[方法]根据安徽省升金湖国家自然保护区1986,2002和2011年3期TM遥感影像,运用ERDAS,ArcGIS等软件,结合升金湖自然保护区土地利用现状,将升金湖自然保护区试验区、核心区、缓冲区3个功能区的影像进行监督分类,划分成建设用地、草地、耕地、林地、水域、未利用地、交通用地和园地8个地类,并统计各土地利用类型面积。采用层次分析法和模糊数学法建立土地利用生态风险评价模型,计算土地利用生态风险指数。[结果]保护区整体的土地利用生态风险等级为中级,1986—2011年,土地利用生态风险逐渐增强。其中,核心区的土地利用生态风险指数相对较低,但也呈逐渐增强趋势;试验区的土地利用生态风险指数较大,缓冲区的土地利用生态风险指数变化明显,土地利用生态风险较严重。[结论]升金湖自然保护区生态风险呈上升趋势,需要采取措施,建立预警机制,有效控制升金湖的生态风险。

[Objective]To protect Shengjin Lake national nature reserve,in Anhui Province,effectively.[Methods]On the basis of three periods of TM remote sensing images of Shengjin Lake national nature reserve in 1986,2002 and 2011,by using ERDAS and ArcGIS tools,in consideration of the current land use in Shengjin Lake nature reserve for supervision classification,the Shengjin Lake nature reserve was classified into three function areas,such as experimental area,core area and buffer area.The nature reserve area was divided into eight parts of construction land,grassland,cultivated land,forest land,waters,unused land,traffic land and garden plot,and the land use area was summarized.By using the hierarchical analysis and fuzzy mathematics method of land use to build ecological risk assessment model,the ecological risk index of land use was draw up.[Results]The overall risk value of Shengjin Lake was intermediate,and the ecological risk index increased gradually from 1986 to 2011.Among them,the core area of ecological risk was lower,but it also trended to increase gradually.At the same time,experimental area of ecological risk value was higher than that of the core area,and the buffer area ecological risk value variation was obvious and ecological risk of land use was serious.[Conclusion]The ecological risk of Shengjin Lake nature reserve tends to rise.Some measures should be taken to build early warning mechanism to control the ecological risk of Shengjin Lake nature reserve.