贵州省农村空巢老人与非空巢老人生活质量比较

The comparation on living quality of the empty nest elderly and the non- empty- nest old people in rural area of Guizhou Province

目的调查贵州省农村空巢老人的生活质量状况,为改善空巢老人的生活状况提供基础资料。方法采用多阶段整群分层抽样的方式抽取30个村寨,每个村寨调查60岁及以上老年人10~15人,采用自行设计的调查问卷进行调查收集相关资料,比较农村空巢老人与非空巢老人的生活状况,分析影响空巢老人生活质量的相关因素。结果纳入研究对象共341人,其中空巢老人占63.05%。在调查的空巢老人中,自己认为健康的仅占22.33%,低于非空巢老人的38.89%（P〈0.05）;空巢老人在＂子女探望＂＂经济宽裕或较宽裕＂＂子女给零花钱＂的比例分别为85.58%、66.98%和39.53%,均低于非空巢老人的96.03%、75.40%和55.56%（P均〈0.05）;空巢老人＂患病及时就医＂＂有孤独感＂的比例分别为58.14%和47.91%,高于非空巢老人的44.44%和35.71%（P〈0.05）。结论贵州省农村老人空巢现象较严重,自觉健康状况较差,空巢老人在生活照顾、医疗保障、情感等方面有更迫切的需求。

Objective To survey the living quality of the rural empty nest elderly in Guizhou Province,and to provide basic information for further study of how to improve the living conditions of empty nest elderly. Method Using Multi- stage stratified cluster sampling method to extract the 30 villages,which respectively surveyed 10 to 15 people of the elderly subjects who aged over 60,A self- designed questionnaire was used to investigate and collected the relevant＇s information,the living condition of the empty nest elderly and the non- empty- nest old people was compared,and the related factors which might affect the living quality of the empty nest elderly was analysed. Results Finally 341 rural elderly were recruited,of which empty nest elderly accounted for 63. 05%,In the survey of empty nest elderly,only 22. 33% consider themselves healthy,Lower than the non- empty- nest old people ＇s proportion of 38. 89%（ P 0. 05）. The ratio of children visitation,comfortably fixed for money,and children given pocket money were 85. 58% and 66. 98% and39. 53%,lower than the non- empty- nest old people 96. 03% and 75. 40% and 55. 56%（ P 0. 05）; the ratio of timely medical treatment and loneliness among empty- nest old people were 58. 14% and 47. 91%,higher than the non- empty-nest old people were 44. 44% and 35. 71%（ P 0. 05）. Conclusion The perceived health status among the empty nest elderly in rural area of Guizhou Province was generally poor. The empty nest elderly needed more life care,medical security and emotional assistance.