论瑞士法在国际体育仲裁中的作用

Impact of Swiss Law on International Sports Arbitration

国际体育仲裁院在当今国际体育仲裁领域中占据主导地位。由于其所在地和裁决的仲裁地都位于瑞士,故实际运行深受瑞士法的影响。为实现仲裁结果对体育行业人员的公正,就仲裁程序问题而言,国际体育仲裁虽然属于瑞士法的仲裁,但瑞士法对国际体育仲裁院确立仲裁管辖权等程序性事项的态度较为宽容;就仲裁实体问题而言,瑞士法不仅在《体育仲裁法典》R45条、R58条以及国际体育组织章程中具有特殊地位,而且其实体强制规范根据《瑞士联邦国际私法》第18条存在直接适用的可能;就裁决的司法审查而言,一方面,瑞士法不希望过多干预国际体育仲裁正常的裁决,从而维护裁决的终局效力。另一方面,在例外的情况下保留撤销体育仲裁裁决的权力。

The Court of Arbitration for Sport（CAS）holds a dominant position in the field of international sports arbitration.Since its domicile and place of arbitration are located in Switzerland,the operation of CAS is deeply influenced by the Swiss law.To fulfill the justice of arbitration of sports professionals,Swiss law holds a tolerant attitude towards CAS formalizing arbitration jurisdiction even though according to procedural issues of arbitration,the international sports arbitration belongs to the arbitration under the Swiss law.With regard to substantive issues of arbitration,Swiss law has a special status in the articles R45 and R58of Code of Sports-related Arbitration and the regulations of international sports organizations.Furthermore,based on Article 18 of Swiss Private International Law Act,substantive mandatory norms of Swiss law still have the opportunity of direct application.Moreover,according to the judicial review of awards,Swiss Law does not want to interfere too much with arbitration awards made by CAS so as to maintain the final validity of awards while it reserves the authority to vacate those sports arbitration awards in some exceptional circumstances.