花生不同种植模式对蛴螬发生的影响及药剂防治效果的比较

Effects of Different Peanut Planting Modes on Occurrences of White Grub and Control Effect of Insecticide

为明确覆膜、裸露、秸秆还田、麦套等不同种植模式对春、夏花生蛴螬发生和播期对药剂防治效果的影响,本文对春花生和夏花生上发生的蛴螬进行了田间调查和药效试验。结果表明,春花生上蛴螬发生量明显高于夏花生,花生覆膜种植较露地种植的蛴螬发生减轻,秸秆还田的较不还田的花生田蛴螬发生量增多。夏播花生用70%噻虫嗪种子处理可分散粉剂,按有效成分用量36g/667m2拌种,对蛴螬防效达94.23%;但对早播春花生和晚播春花生蛴螬的防效分别为55.36%和69.23%,防效显著降低。早播春花生采用噻虫嗪拌种+噻虫嗪灌根对蛴螬的防效最高,防效达92.04%;采用噻虫嗪灌根对蛴螬的防效为87.18%,也可有效控制其危害;但仅用噻虫嗪拌种处理的防效仅为55.36%,不能有效控制其危害。相同处理方式下噻虫嗪的防效均显著高于毒死蜱。建议在春花生田防治蛴螬应采用拌种+灌根的施药方法,在夏花生播种时采用药剂拌种可有效控制蛴螬的危害。

To determine the effects of different peanut planting modes （film mulching peanut, opened peanut, straw-returning peanut, wheat peanut intercropping） on occurrences of white grub in spring and summer sowing peanut field and effects of sowing date on control effect of insecticide, the field investigation and insecticide experiment were conducted in both spring and summer sowing pea-nut field.The results showed that higher white grub populations were counted in spring sowing pea-nut field than the summer.Comparing to open planted peanut, film mulching peanut had less white grub populations.The straw-returning summer sowing peanut field had higher white grub populations than no straw-returning treatment.Peanut seed treated with 70% thiamethoxam ZF at 36g AI /667 m2 in the summer sowing peanut field had a good effect on controlling of white grub, the control effect a-mounted to 94.23%.But, it decreased significantly in both early and late spring sowing peanut field, with a 55.36% and 69.23% control effect, respectively.In the early spring sowing peanut field, ap-plication of thiamethoxam by seed dressing ＋ root-irrigation had the best control effect against white grub.The control effect reached 92.04%.Root-irrigation with thiamethoxam could control white grub effectively with control effect of 87.18%.The control effect of using seed dressing was only 55.36%, which was not effective in controlling white grub.The control effect of thiamethoxam was higher than chlorpyrifos through the same application method.Therefore, we recommend that using seeding dressing ＋ root-irrigation against white grub in spring sowing peanut field.While summer sowing peanut using seed dressing methods can be effective against white grub in the whole growth period of peanut.