基于语料库语言学的英语搭配认知分析

Cognitive Analysis of Collocation Based on Corpus Linguistics

英语搭配在一定程度上存在任意性的特点,如可以说"strong wind"和"heavy rain",却很少使用"heavy wind"和"strong rain"。传统教学常用固定搭配或习惯性表达来解释这一现象,这给学习者带来不少困惑。语料库语言学的兴起为搭配学习提供了大量真实地道的例子,通过研究这些例子,发现即使是被用来解释任意性特征的典型搭配也存在语义上的理据。本文主要使用两个大型语料库COCA和BNC对两组常见搭配,即"strong wind&.heavy rain"和"take a trip,make a trip&.have a trip"进行认知分析,结果发现它们的使用特点符合其中心词项的语义特征,并以此发现为基础,进一步探讨了在搭配学习中进行认知分析的意义。

Collocation is arbitrary to a certain extent.For example,it makes sense to say ＂strong wind＂or＂heavy rain＂,but＂heavy wind＂and＂strong rain＂do not.Traditional opinions take them as idiomatic or habitual expressions,which confuse English learners.With the rise of corpus linguistics,a large number of real life examples have been used to study the usage of collocations.Through the research,it is found that even those collocations used as classic examples to illustrate the arbitrariness of collocations might be predicted by their semantic rules.This paper uses two large corpus,COCA and BNC,to analyze two groups of collocations,＂strong wind .heavy rain＂and ＂take a trip,make a trip .have a trip＂from cognitive perspective.The result is that those collocations are shaped by their key lexical item＇s core meaning and have semantic motivation.Based on this finding,the paper also argues for the need to include a cognitive analysis in the learning of collocation.