高中化学坐标图形题及解题策略探讨——以河南省2005-2014年高考化学试题为例

On the Coordinate Graphics Questions and the Problem-Solving Strategies in High School Chemistry——A Case Study of the Questions in Chemistry Test in 2005-2004 College Entrance Examination

通过对河南2005-2014年高考化学题目的统计分析,发现化学坐标图形题几乎每年都出现,且有三种类型:化学反应速率和化学平衡类、反应体系中某种物质量的变化类、物质的溶解度坐标类,有必要对出现频次最多的坐标图形题——化学反应速率和化学平衡类进行解题策略的讨论。解答此类试题的思路在于:理解图中横轴和纵轴的化学含义,剖析图中曲线变化的意义,对要考查的化学问题作出正确的判断;熟练、系统地掌握题中所考查的化学反应速率和化学平衡的知识,并掌握看图形的基本方法与技巧。为此,在实际的化学教学过程中,教师应引导学生自觉地了解图形题所呈现的化学含义,掌握化学图形题最基本的分析方法;教师需多使用图形教学,让学生自己动手绘制图形并进行图形的分析与处理,培养学生良好的学习习惯,帮助学生在日常的学习中积累有关的化学图形知识。

Based on the statistic analysis of the chemistry questions in college entrance examination in the past decade （2005- 2014） in Henan Province,it＇s noticed that coordinate graphics questions can be found every year which mainly include three kinds： chemical reaction rate and chemical equilibrium, quantity change of certain substance in the reaction system, and the coordinate of the solubility of substances. Therefore, it＇s necessary to discuss the strategies adopted to work out the questions about chemical reaction rate and chemical equilibrium which appear most frequently in examinations. The method used to figure out this kind of questions includes： （1）understand the meaning of the horizontal axis and vertical axis in the graph, analyze the meaning of the curve change, and make correct judgments towards the chemical questions that am going to be examined. （2）Master all the knowledge concerning chemical reaction rate and chemical equilibrium, and master the basic methods and skills to work out this kind of questions. Therefore,in real teaching, teachers should guide students to understand the meaning of the questions in graphs and help students to master the basic skills dealing with questions.In addition, teachers should use graphs as much as possible in their teaching,let students draw graphs by themselves and then analyze and process these graphs, help students develop good learning habits, and finally accumulate the knowledge about chemistry graphs in their daily study.