吴棫《韵补》中的谐声材料及其古音学贡献

The Material of Wu Yu's Yun Bu and His Contribution to Chinese Ancient Phonology

南宋吴棫所著《韵补》,是一部运用《诗经》、《易经》、《楚辞》及后代约50余种著作的韵语材料,并结合其他材料和方法(如谐声、异文、声训、音读、方言等)考订古音和考求古韵的著作。吴棫全面地利用《说文解字》中形声字的谐声偏旁、上古韵文和韵语、异文通假、声训以及方言等材料考订古音,可谓汉语古韵学研究第一人。吴棫系统地利用谐声字与谐声偏旁来考订古音,分韵归部,在古音学史上有开创之功。《韵补》中共援引《说文解字》凡66处,其中以证古音者共计51处,涉及汉字谐声偏旁43个。吴棫在材料和方法两方面,为古音研究开拓了崭新的领域。《韵补》中对谐声材料的使用可以看做汉字谐声与古音学研究的发端。

Written by Wu Yu in the Southern Song Dynasty, ＂Yun Bu＂ （韵补） is a masterpiece dealing with ancient Chinese sounds and rhythms, which is completed with the application of Crambo in ＂Shi Jing＂（诗经）, ＂Yi Jing＂（易经）, ＂Chu ci＂（楚辞） and other 50 kinds works from the later dynasty , and the combination of other materials and methods （such as symphony, variants, sound training, pronunciation, pronunciation and correct dialect）. Wu Yu is the pioneer in ancient Chinese phonological research. He makes good use of the pictophonetic characters in ＂Shuowen Jiezi＂, ancient verse and rhyme, radical, borrowed, sound and dialect materials in his study. Wu Yu systematically use the pictophonetic characters to explain ancient sound, branch to department. He does the pioneering work in the history of archaic Chinese phonology. ＂Yu Bu＂ makes 66 quotes from ＂Shuowen Jiezi＂ which permits a total of 51 ancient Chinese characters, to have the radical 43. Both in the materials and methods, Wu Yu open up a new field for Chinese ancient sound research. The use of pictophonetic characters in ＂Yu Bu＂ is regarded as the initiatial study of pictophonetic characters and archaic Chinese phonology.