从中古佛教译经看“着”语法化过程中的语法特征

An Analysis on the Grammar Features of“zhe”(着)in the Process of Grammaticalization in the Chinese Version of Mediaeval Buddhist Scriptures

"着"的产生是近代汉语语法史上划时代的一件大事。在"着"的形成过程中不同时期都有不同特点,中古佛教译经中"着"后面常接处所名词,述补结构"V+着"中的动词是表示物体在空间的运动(包括位移和停止)的;"V+着"后面出现的必须是处所名词。"着"语义的改变,造成句法关系的改变,从而推动"着"的语法化过程。

The production of “zhe”（着）has epoch-making significance in the Middle-age history of Chinese grammar. Various features emerge in different periods during which the character of “zhe” is shaped. For example“zhe” is often followed by a dwelling noun in the translated version of mediaeval Buddhist Scriptures. In the predicate-complement structure of “V＋zhe”, the verb embodies the spatial motion of objects （including dislocation and standstill）. Necessarily located after the structure of “V＋zhe” is a dwelling noun. The semantic change of “zhe”contributes to the corresponding change of syntactic relation, thus promote the grammaticalization of “zhe”.