可生物降解医用镁合金的合金化研究进展

Research Progress on the Alloying of Biodegradable Magnesium Alloys

镁合金被认为是一种革命性的可生物降解医用金属材料。然而,在组织的愈合期间合金局部腐蚀过快,以致服役期力学性能下降或产生对人体有毒副作用的产物,严重限制了其在临床上的应用。合金化是提高镁合金力学性能和生物相容性的一种有效方法。全面综述了生物医用镁合金的合金化研究进展,包括添加生物营养元素(Ca、Sr、Zn等),微量无毒元素(Zr、Nd、Y)及有毒元素(Al、Li、Ce等)对合金的体内外细胞毒性、组织反应、耐腐蚀性能和力学性能的影响。此外,还简单总结了镁合金中多种合金化元素复合添加的最新研究情况,展望了可降解镁合金材料合金化研究的方向。

Magnesium based alloys have been considered as a revolutionary biodegradable metal for biomedical applications. However, in the healing of human body tissues, fast local degradation of the alloys gives rise to the decrease in mechanical properties during the service period and the formation of unexpected products which have toxic effects on the human body, thus their clinical application have been severely limited. Alloying is an effective method to improve the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of magnesium alloys. The research progress of biodegradable magnesium based alloys on the alloying is comprehensively reviewed, including the influences of adding biological nutrient elements （Ca, St, Zn etc. ）, trace nontoxic elements （Zr, Nd, Y）, and toxic elements （Al, Li, Ce etc. ） on their cytotoxicity in vivo and in vitro, local tissue reaction, anti-corrosion performance and mechanical properties. Besides, the latest research situation about combinatorial addition of various alloying elements in magenesium alloys is briefly summarized. Finally, the development trends in alloying of biodegradable magnesium alloys are prospected.