航天安全与健康管理技术研究述评

Review on Spaceflight Safety and Health Management

航天工程是一项涉及多人-多机-多环境的超大规模复杂系统工程.降低航天风险、保障航天安全、充分发挥航天器在轨效能,是航天技术发展亟需研究的重大课题.在简要梳理影响航天工程安全性5个方面要素的基础上,分事故调查与故障处置、状态监控与健康管理、环境监测与碎片规避等3大部分,对相关领域的研究现状及技术发展动态进行了述评,并结合航天工程实际提出了3个方面亟待解决的问题.分析、述评和研究建议有助于了解安全管理的症结、跟踪技术研究的前沿和突破工程应用的瓶颈.

The aerospace engineering is a super-large scale complicated ergonomics with man-machine- enviroment coupling correlation. In order to minimize the engineering hazards and to make sure the safety of the spaceflight and to bring all spacecraft＇s functions into play, it is very necessary to explore and develop spaceflight safety techniques. Based on the sorting of the five kinds of essential lactors influencing the the safety of spaceflight engineering, research status and developments of spaceflight safety techniques in relevant fields were reviewed from three different aspects, namely, hazards survey and faults treatment, states monitoring and health management, enviroment prediction and debris elusion, etc. Finally, combined with the status and situation of the aerospace engineering, three problems that need urgent resolution were put forward. It was hoped that the analysis, review and research suggestion could be helpful in understanding the sticking points of spaceflight safety and keeping track of the frontiers of safety techniques and breaking through the bottle-neck obstacles whick befell at the application process of safety techniques.