社会工作督导的理论与实践分析:国际发展与国内现状

Analysis of Theory and Practice of Social Work Supervision:International Development and Domestic Situation

"助人者如何助人""助人者如何自助""助人者如何被助"是助人职业的三大支柱。督导涉及"助人者如何被助"。督导是对助人者的帮助、对咨询员的咨询,它是一种二级帮助、二级咨询。从督导在欧洲和美国的发展轨迹来看,督导经历了一个从最初行政性督导到当今真正意义督导的变化过程;此外,督导在欧洲大陆与英美国家的理论与实践发展有所不同。中国的社会工作督导受英美影响较大,而督导理论与职业化程度较高的欧洲大陆对中国的影响尚为空白。如何在西方意义上的临床督导、行政性督导以及中国的行政管理和文化氛围三者之间找到一个融合性的"中间状态",是中国未来督导发展的巨大挑战。

The three components of helping profession include'how the helpers help others, how the helpers help themselves and how the helpers get help'. Social work supervision relates to'how the helpers get help', which provides help to helpers and offers counselling to counsellor. Therefore, supervision is called the secondary help or the secondary counselling. According to the development track of supervision in Germany, Europe and USA, supervision went through a period of transformation from the administrative supervision to the clinical supervision in the true meaning. In addition, the development of theory and practice of supervision in continental European countries is different from that of the Great Britain and USA. The social work supervision in China has been deeply influenced by the Great Britain and USA, but getting little influence from continental European countries where have formed the highlevel theory and professionalization on social work supervision. How to find a'intermediate state'among'the clinical supervision in the Western sense','the administrative supervision'and'the administration and cultural atmosphere in China'is a great challenge of the future development of supervision in China.