试论成语语义的反向引申

An Analysis of Reverse Extension of Idiom Semantics

成语语义的反向引申表现在这些方面:由褒义引申为贬义,或者反过来;由肯定义引申为否定义,或者反过来;由未然态引申为已然态,或者反过来;由客观转向主观;由客体转指主体;由结果引申为原因;由特指引申为泛指,或者反过来;等等。成语语义反向引申的原因有:社会的发展;事物中对立统一矛盾体的表现;对象的改变;人的行为出格或过度;反向思维的活跃;"创造性"或"标新立异"的语用追求;某个语素意义的改变;等等。

Reverse extension of idiom semantics is demonstrated in the following aspects： commendatory extended to derogatory;positive extended to negative;not becoming a fact extended to becoming a fact;objective to subjective;object extended to subject;result extended to cause;on specially referential extended to general referential. The cause of reverse extension of idiom semantics includes social development,performance of the paradox of unity of opposites,change of object,outrageous or excessive behavior,active converse thought,pursuit of the use of＂creative＂or＂novel＂,and changes of some morpheme meaning.