春秋五霸之异说及其流传

Textual research and contextual interpretation of“the five overlords of Spring and Autumn period”

在历史流传影响下,齐桓、宋襄、晋文、秦穆、楚庄5人历来已被认知为春秋五霸之基本元素成员。然而,古代学者在讨论此一问题时,亦有不少另持别种主张,如增或删而入晋悼、楚灵、吴阖闾、夫差、越句践等,遂致五霸异说呈现多元化。当春秋五霸一词析为"春秋"与"五霸"两词时,"春秋"可以是文本的《春秋》,也可以是历史的春秋,既可以与《孟子》贬霸之词对话,也可以因相对性而与三代王者对话。在历史流传中,春秋五霸产生诸多异说,春秋五霸组合亦有诸种多样组合;然而齐桓、宋襄、晋文、秦穆、楚庄5人所组成的春秋五霸依旧广为流传,文化的承传不可说毫无影响力。

According to historical tradition, Qihuan, Songxiang, Jinwen, Qinmu, and Chuzhuang have always been regarded as the members of ＂the five overlords＂. However, many ancient scholars had different opinions about this issue, such as the addition or deletion of Jindao, Chuling, Wu Heir, Fuchai, Yue Goujian, and so on. The discussions of recent scholars are focused on ＂powerful chief＂ or ＂the dean of international＂, and ＂classical＂ or ＂historical＂. There are different versions of ＂the five overlords＂ in Chinese text. This paper attempts to explore historicity and contextuality of ＂ the five overlords of Spring and Autumn period＂ that via scholars＇ research and interpretation.